Kagemusha(Shadow Warrior) by Akira Kurosawa Essay Example

Kagemusha(Shadow Warrior) by Akira Kurosawa Essay Examination Paper Shadow Warrior by Akira Kurosawa The film â€Å"Shadow Warrior† otherwise called â€Å"Kagemusha† was made by Kurosawa in the time of 1980. The film described the real chronicled occasion about the demise of an incredible samurai Shingen Takeda who was known as the head of Takeda family. The film began in the time of 1573 while all samurai families rivaled one another and the last objective was to join Japan all in all. The period was otherwise called Sengoku period. The story started in Shingen’s place while his more youthful sibling, Nobukado found a cheat who looked precisely like his sibling. The security for the head of family was top need during Sengoku period. Subsequently, the utilizing of substitute so as to befuddle foes was a typical procedure utilized in the front line. The substitute is called Kagemusha in Japanese. The stunning piece of the story isn't the utilizing of Kagemusha yet the capacity of the hoodlum to imagine the genuine Shingen even he has been dead for over 2 years. Shingen’s sibling and his subordinates likewise assumed enormous jobs sequestered from everything the updates on Shingen’s passing. They deceived the union of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu with Kagemusha for over 2 years. We will compose a custom article test on Kagemusha(Shadow Warrior) by Akira Kurosawa explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Kagemusha(Shadow Warrior) by Akira Kurosawa explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Kagemusha(Shadow Warrior) by Akira Kurosawa explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Oda Nobunaga was viewed as one of the most astute Lord and Tokugawa Ieyasu was the individual who at last joined Japan overall later in this period. They once speculated directly after Shingen’s passing yet at the same time couldn't discover hard proof to demonstrate the Shingen was a Kagemusha. The closure of the film was fairly sad and dismal. While the Kagemusha fell of the Shingen’s horse, the mystery was uncovered. The Kagemusha had the option to conceal this mystery from his spouses and grandson and even turned out to be truly shut to his grandson who should be Singen’s inheritor for the Takeda Family. Unfortunately, he was unable to conceal this mystery from a pony which just perceived his genuine ace. The gossip about Kagemusha immediately spread out inside the family. Later on, Shingen’s subordinates chose to hold a memorial service for Shingen. Kagemusha was not gossip any longer but rather a reality. Rapidly, Shingen’s child Katsuyori Takeda acquired Takeda family’s armed force and assaulted union of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu. Shingen knew his son’s character would lead Takeda Family into pieces so he named his grandson as his inheritor and his child as the gatekeeper of the inheritor. In any case, Katsuyori was disillusioned about Shingen’s ecision and need to show his capacity seriously. The primary assault he held against collusion of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu was spared by the Kagemusha however not the second time when he turned into the pioneer of Takeda Family. As an excepted finishing, Takeda Family was crushed and the Ka gemusha who basically impacted by Shingen’s will to secure the family was shot on the front line and passed on with distress and bitterness. Kurosawa was an extremely effective chief for war and activity films. He utilized entirely creative way to deal with film a grouping of activities or a scene on the war zone. For instance, he would utilize distinctive camera holy messengers to film a similar grouping of activity again and again with various character’s outfit or various utilizations of hues. This procedure he utilized was to convey various messages to the crowd and to underline the amount, or the quality, or the significance of this specific arrangement. â€Å"Invoking symbolism related with the military codes of the samurai, he makes splendid pictures of sixteenth century warring medieval groups going after prevalence in a nation in which human expressions of war were exceptionally evolved. Scarcely any motion pictures about medieval fighting have ever been so loaded up with heavenliness in shading and structure as Kurosawas two history movies of the 1980s. †(Manheim) Kagemusha was an authentic film, in this way the utilization of various signs has recorded foundation and significance. â€Å"Wind†, â€Å"Woods†, â€Å"Fire†, â€Å"Mountain† mean distinctive sort of armed force from Takeda Family. Since Takeda Family was known for their mounted force both â€Å"Wind† and â€Å"Fire† are rangers groups which mean their mounted force groups are quick as wind and destructive as fire. Wood† speaks to infantry which is consistent as woods. At long last, â€Å"Mountain† is Shingen himself who is consistently steady and can not be moved by others. These four signs are selective for Shingen himself or the head of family. During last fight battled by Shingen’s child and coalition of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieya su, Kurosawa underscored on these four sign vigorously and attempted to resemble distinctive armies’ activity with the significance of the signs. So we could really feel the speed of the breeze while Takeda Family’s mounted force was moving. The lines on lines of rangers charming the world with respectable horsemanship, the splendid ensigns in their essential hues speaking to the diverse honorable houses, the exceptional quickness of the warriors in their developments and their swordplay, the authoritative significant distance yells, the exactness of the gunfire, the momentary dutifulness of the infantry to their officers: all bespeak the magnificence, brilliance, and proficiency of an exquisite fighting, even tragically. â€Å"(Manheim)The overwhelming accentuation on the signs additionally gave us stages individually how Takeda Family was vanquished. Since the solid association between these signs with the Takeda Family, while the Kagemusha found the banner with those 4 signs in the water we quickly comprehend Takeda Family was crushed absolutely with nothing left. One other incredible scene was when the majority of Takeda family’s armed force was crushed by enemy’s shooters, the injury fighters and ponies lying on the ground battled to bite the dust. â€Å"In Kagemusha he includes the successful shots of kicking the bucket ponies to be a more outright articulation of wars preposterousness than any passing of the warrior could impact. (Manheim) The manner in which he shot the ponies in quiet moderate movement was simply marvelous. It was a genuine agony to watch this piece of the film. The development of the ponies passing on was so genuine and made u think in the event that they really injured those ponies during the creation of the film or not. Sadly I wasn’t ready to discover any data in regards to the st ate of those ponies however I trust they were doing fine in the wake of shooting. In Kagemusha, we could discover various parts of humankind and qualities. As I altogether watch the film, numerous inquiries came into my psyche. What’s the significance of benevolence? How could Kagemusha adjust his qualities and accepts as Shingen’s? Those are really basic inquiries however Kurosawa appeared to uncovers his answers in the film. â€Å"In his life account, Kurosawa comments, â€Å"The Japanese consider self-to be as shameless and benevolence as the reasonable course to take in life†Ã¢â‚¬ (P203 Malpezzi) It was the intensity of customary Japanese’s worth and Bushido soul to make an effective Kagemusha. In the start of the film we could obviously recognize the character of the hoodlum who was narrow minded and discourteous. After the passing of Shingen, we immediately found the compassion inside the thief’s heart. He had a decision to simply act naturally rather than Shingen’s Kagemusha however he despite everything decided to on the grounds that he essentially didn’t need enemies’ spies to discover the demise of Shingen which may prompt the pulverization of Takeda Family. Shingen’s sibling, Nobukado had control the Kagemusha genuinely well all through those 2 years of period. He showed the criminal each conduct of Shingen and he praised the thief’s response in the event that he worked admirably on reaction crisis circumstances. The film makes us question: Is this brave motion despite everything part of the demonstration? Where does it originate from, this clear significance of soul that at long last requires in a fake job a true demise? Kurosawa infers that it issues from the profundities of human instinct itself. Be that as it may, assuming this is the case, a s the film clarifies, it barely emerges normally. † (Cowan) Despite the conventional Japanese qualities, through concentrated preparing and the impact of nature, the cheat was eager to surrender his own qualities and become Shingen’s Kagemusha. Nobukado himself can comprehend what a Kagemusha feels as he is typically Shingen’s pervious Kagemusha. â€Å"For Nobukado the necessities of society rise above those of the person. Unmistakably he accomplished unity with the job he played, personality with his fraternity; he resources, â€Å"The shadow of a man can never abandon that man. † (P203 Malpezzi) Nobukado was fundamentally nothing after his brother’s demise. He has been his brother’s Kagemusha for such a long time that he has lost his own personality. Tragically, precisely same thing happened to the hoodlum. Individuals of Takeda Family disposed of him like waste after his spread was blown and even warriors tossed rocks at him. He despite everything battled for Takeda family to the end without lament. The film indicated us the intensity of custom, culture and condition likewise makes individuals wonder what their own self personalities are. I for one had an extraordinary delight watching this film since I do have the information on Japanese history and I am exceptionally keen on watching Asian authentic motion pictures. The rendition I viewed was with Chinese caption which took me some time to make an interpretation of character’s name into English. My heart was beating a few times while watching this film and those scenes were simply flawlessly done including

Russian and Chechnyan conflict Essay -- essays research papers

Clashes in a nation happen wherever on the planet. Russia and Chechnya's contention is one example.There were numerous reasons and factors that drove this contention to develop into a war. Both Russia and Chechnya had various objectives and interests that they attempted to accomplish. This drove them to restrict each other and consider one another to be foes. Coming up next is a full examination of the contention, which clarifies the foundation factors, which added to it. The Chechnya-Russia struggle, can be increasingly comprehended by looking to the past. The chronicled foundation is expected to show the entire image of the war. The region in the southern Russia was known as the Caucasus locale. Numerous non-Russian ethnic gatherings lived there. Everything started when the dictators began a 300-year endeavor to vanquish the Northern Caucasus in 1560. They neglected to assume control over Chechnya and different zones of the Caucasus on the grounds that the Ottoman Empire had vanquished them. The Chechens changed over to Islam when they became under the Ottomans rule. Russia despite everything didn't surrender. It made more grounded endeavors to attack the territory lastly constrained the withdrawal of the Ottomans by 1785.After winning the Caucasian War, the Russian government compelled numerous individuals to leave from Chechnya to various Muslim nations of the Middle East. In 1877,1920,and 1929 the Chechens made fruitless defiance endeavors against the rulers and later Soviet forces. Their primary objective behind this was to oppose unification, against religion battles, and Russification. B...

Understanding Compulsive Shopping Disorder

Understanding Compulsive Shopping Disorder OCD Related Conditions Print Understanding Compulsive Shopping Disorder By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 Dan Dalton/Caiaimage/Getty Images More in OCD Related Conditions Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Although its not officially described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), it has been suggested that compulsive shopping disorder, also known as compulsive buying disorder, is either a type of impulse control disorder, a behavioral addiction or possibly even related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Characteristics The characteristics of compulsive shopping disorder include: Preoccupation with shopping for unneeded items.Spending a great deal of time doing research on coveted items and/or shopping for unneeded items.Difficulty resisting the purchase of unneeded items.Financial difficulties because of uncontrolled shopping.Problems at work, school or home because of uncontrolled shopping. Research has shown that compulsive shopping behavior is often accompanied by depression, anxiety, and other negative emotions. People affected by compulsive shopping disorder often report an uncomfortable tension that is relieved, at least temporarily, by shopping. Despite this temporary relief, many people with compulsive shopping disorder feel disappointed with themselves and depressed about their apparent lack of control over their behavior. Common items purchased include clothes, shoes, jewelry and household items, such as containers, dishes, etc., with many compulsive shoppers unable to resist items on sale, in particular. Most people who are affected by compulsive shopping disorder prefer to shop alone or online rather than subject themselves to potential embarrassment by shopping with others. Whos Affected It has been estimated that compulsive shopping affects around 6% of the population in the United States. Females are nine times more likely to be affected than males. Most cases of compulsive shopping begin in early adulthood and it is rare for this disorder to begin after age 30. One recent study shows that the prevalence of compulsive shopping disorder may be increasing over time as well. Problems with mood, such as major depressive disorder or an anxiety disorder, are often common in compulsive shopping, as is the presence of other forms of impulse control disorders, such as skin picking or hair pulling, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance abuse, personality disorders or binge eating disorder. Mental health professionals making a diagnosis of compulsive shopping disorder need to be careful to distinguish between compulsive shopping and the shopping sprees that can sometimes accompany mania in bipolar disorder. A study done with shopping mall buyers showed that the compulsive buyers,  nearly 9% of people in the study, were more likely to be young, less-educated females who had used some sort of substance like alcohol, tobacco or drugs. They also had more symptoms of OCD, mental distress and impulsive behavior, as well as lower self-esteem. Interestingly, these same compulsive buyers were five times more likely to fit the criteria for borderline personality disorder  (BPD) than the rest of the shoppers were. Treatment Although research findings have been mixed, there is some evidence that compulsive shopping disorder responds to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). There is also evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may also be effective in reducing symptoms in many compulsive shoppers, although more research is necessary to determine what types of therapy are effective for whom. Further Research Needed With the prevalence of this disorder, as well as the evidence that the number of people affected by it is increasing, more research needs to be done to learn how to more effectively screen and treat people who suffer from compulsive shopping disorder.

Internship Experience Report On African Union Essay

MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY The Department of Political Science African Union(PSC)/CISSA Lily Assefa Internship Experience Report (May-August) 2016 INTRODUCTION This document contains the report of my internship period conducted at the Committee of Intelligence Security Services of Africa and at the Peace and Security Council in the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for the time period: May 20- August 1st. During my internship at the African Union, I was focused on different on going issues in African but what interested me the most was areas in conflict prevention and the relationship between social media and African governments. I favored these topics because currently there are about 29 ongoing border disputes within Africa, which could have been possibly prevented with better border conflict prevention strategies. Many African governments view social media as a threat as citizens have used it as method of demonstration. Is social media complicating peacekeeping for governments? I. 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How to Make Changes to Your MCAT Registration

When you choose an MCAT test date, pay the registration fees, and complete your MCAT registration, you never figure that you may have to make a change. However, when it comes to your MCAT registration, you can certainly make changes if life doesnt work out according to your carefully made plans. Read on for ways to change your test center, change your test date or time, or cancel your MCAT registration. Change Your MCAT Test Center, Test Time or Test Date Shifting your test center or registering for a different test date or time isnt really all that difficult, providing there is space at the new center where youd like to test and availability on the dates youve provided. And there are benefits to changing multiple things at once if you need to change your test center and test date, for instance. If you change them separately, youll be charged a rescheduling fee twice. Change them together and youll only be charged once. There are a few caveats, though: You must make a change prior to the Silver Zone registration deadline for the exam for which youre currently registered.You cant change your test date before registration has opened for the new exam date as no special permissions or privileges are granted in registration order to previously registered testers.Rescheduling into an exam date that is within the Bronze Zone will cost you an additional $50. This fee is the difference between the initial Silver Zone registration fee ($275) and the initial Bronze Zone registration fee ($325). Cancel Your MCAT Registration Lets say youre called away on military duty. Or, heaven forbid, theres a death in your immediate family. Or, youve decided that you dont want to take the MCAT on your registered date and youre not sure when (or if!) youd like to register again. What can you do? If theres no emergency—youd just like to cancel for your own personal reasons—then here are the details: You must cancel before the end of the Gold Zone registration deadline in order to receive a partial refund—$135 for standard testers and $50 for FAP recipients.If you cancel after the Gold Zone registration deadline, you will not receive a refund at all! So youd better make sure youd really like to cancel.If you decide to register for a new test date in the same calendar year in which youve canceled, then youll have to pay the entire registration fee again, along with a rescheduling fee, which is nonrefundable. If youve experienced a crisis like being hospitalized or having a death in the family OR youre called away on military duty or to help medically in a catastrophic event, then you can receive a maximum of $135 no matter when the cancellation occurs. If youre a FAP recipient, youll receive a $50 cancellation reimbursement. Youll need to contact the MCAT Resource Center either by phone (202) 828-0690 or by email at mcataamc.org for instructions regarding canceling during a crisis. Please note that youll be required to provide either military papers explaining the dates of your deployment and length of service, a funeral program or death certificate, or medical documentation explaining the duration of your hospital stay. Make an MCAT Registration Change Here If youve decided you need to change your MCAT registration for any reason, you can log into the MCAT Scheduling and Registration System to make the necessary adjustments to your testing experience.

Motorola in China Free Essays

Executive Summary In a prominent level of integration worldwide economy today, people are more concerned about the phenomenon of intermediary corporations and multinational companies renounce the traditional research and development form in the host country where they have set up research and development centers. In this report I will discuss about Motorola’s reasons to enter China and commit itself as a local company. Moreover, I will talk about the localization strategies in china and its market position. We will write a custom essay sample on Motorola in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Apart from that I will illustrate the PEST and SWOT analysis of Motorola’s localization strategy in China. Furthermore, I will discuss the characteristics of Motorola as the big emerging market in China. Table of content Contents Executive Summary2 Table of content3 Abbreviations4 Introduction5 Main body6 Reasons for Motorola to enter China6 Strategies adopted by Motorola to enter China. 8 Operation strategy of Motorola9 Framework analysis of Motorola operations in China10 India and China Global Trends12 Conclusion13 References13 Abbreviations PEST – Political, Economical, Socio-cultural, Technological SWOT- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats SEZ – Special Economic Zone CAMP – China Accelerated Management Program RD – Research and Development IDEN – Integrated Digital Enhanced Network SARS – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome MNC – Multi National Companies ITO – International Trade Organization BPO – Business Process Outsourcing BRIC – Brazil, Russia, India, China GDP – Gross Domestic Product USD – United States Dollar SMIC – Semiconductor Manufacturing Internal Corp Introduction In 1987 Motorola established a delegate office in Beijing. It was dealing with exportation of telecommunications gear and semiconductor to China. Due to the increase of competitions from other companies, Motorola decided to move some of its industrialized activities to China. In 1992, Motorola China Ltd was established and opened an industry in Tianjin. Motorola was the leading worldwide market in manufacturing advanced electronic system, communications components and semiconductors. The company mainly dealt with cellular, personal communication, defense and space electronics’ and computers and other many more electronics products. According to Wen-Cheng et al. 2010) due to its expansion on business in six continents, Motorola employed more than 142,000 people and maintain production amenities globally. Motorola had a elementary objective of priotizing customers’ satisfaction through quality, speed, technology and team work. Motorola succeeded to fulfill its objective in China because it understood the market and the culture of the people. It also maintained uncompromising reliability and focusing on an idea of a world in which everyone can attain full potential. However, in 2000’s Motorola started to experience a huge competition from the Chinese mobile handset companies. Motorola’s market started to fall due to the increasing competition in the market. This led Motorola to raise its sales and market shares by introducing new strategy in 2002 in order to maintain its market. The strategy did not help as the matter of fact Motorola went on losing its market in China (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Main body Reasons for Motorola to enter China The growth of Motorola in China went proportional with China’s economic development and China’s involvement in the world economy. Establishment of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in 1979 which stimulated investors mainly those which engaged in light manufacturing industries. The foreign companies that decided to confine at SEZ were privileged to special taxes treatment and particular services like infrastructure (Mack, L 2012). Chinese market size, China was the very momentous market for the company. Motorola thought that it was important to establish its manufacturing base and center for its company research in China (Hedley, M 2012). Despite China’s complicated social and political environment, Motorola was able to achieve tremendous success. It made it possible to make a way into Chinese market and became the leading company in the Chinese mobile market. It is said that Motorola paved its success due to the strategies it implemented and put into consideration of the people’s culture and the market. However, wealth of Motorola rendered the significance of the company to join to the Chinese market. In 2003 Motorola mounted up investment of $3. 4 billion which enabled the company to be the first in the list of foreign investors in China. It was also one of the biggest exporters from China- exporting goods worth more than $3. 5 billion (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Moreover, setting up a corporate image was another reason for Motorola to enter China and commit itself. Implementation of personnel, business culture, materials, and marketing localization can establish company’s public image. This is seen when Motorola decided to move its delegate office to China and expanded its business into various segments. In addition to that, in structuring its brand among the Chinese, Motorola mounted different signs and advertisements in busy market places and televisions in order to make people aware of what they are dealing with. It also opened big stores in the market areas such as Shanghai and Beijing offering the latest mobile andsets models. Also, Motorola came up with an innovative notion named Motorola Towns which specifically dealt with giving an exclusive retailing experience to consumers. In these towns consumers could walk in and see for themselves mobile handsets and make a try outs of other technological gadgets for free. This system helped customers to get the knowledge about the most modern technological trends and attach them expressive ly with the company. However, this system helped Motorola to get feedback from the customers about its products (Wen-Cheng et al. , 2010). Low cost of raw materials for production, Motorola provided technological support to its suppliers in order to get high quality raw materials for the production of their commodities. In doing so, it actively developed the suppliers from local areas to provide service to the company. Motorola made up a strong and reliable association with these suppliers so that they could produce raw materials which will enable Motorola to produce high standard commodities. Motorola got a full use of these suppliers as they came to establish their manufacturing base in China (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Low cost of labor, Motorola Company made sure that it produces high quality of commodities with low costs. In doing so, it produced professionals from their own universities in order to comprehend the business and organization structure and rules and regulation. Chinese population, in the year 1987 the population of China was approximately to 1. 1 billion. Due to that fact, Motorola computed that it would get a huge opportunity for the market of its commodities as well as adequate manpower to manufacture the products for affordable and low cost (PubMed 1987). Strategies adopted by Motorola to enter China. Motorola just like any other international company had its own strategies to enter Chinese market and make sure that it monopolizes it. And this is why at the start it set its industrialized facilities in China. For its success, Motorola adopted the five strategies which led to its remarkable achievements to conquer the Chinese market. The strategies are as follows:- a) Investment /Technology transfer. Technology transfer helped Motorola to constantly enhance the intensity of research and development in order to supply the country with the sophisticated communications solutions. Motorola spent $120 million in Tianjin area for production of pagers, cellular phones and simple integrated circuits. Due to the expansion of its technology, Motorola established the second plant for the production of automotives electronics, advanced microprocessors, walkie-talkie systems and fabricated silicon wafers (Gaur and Cateora 2006). b) Management localization. Motorola came into sense that in order to minimize cost and increase its market’s share, it should employ more Chinese staff. The Chinese staff required managerial talents so that they could be competent in management. To solve that problem, in 1993 Motorola established Motorola University to train the young staff about the international managerial situations. The University came to be the company’s training base as it dealt with communication technology and business management. At the end of the day, Motorola accomplished enormous success which led to its commitment to the people. It made sure that from seniors to the general staff were from local. As a result 90% of the staff was Chinese (Wen-Cheng et al. , 2010). c) Local sourcing. Cost maximization was one big thing Motorola was trying to avoid; as a result it sourced from local firms. Training was important to the staff to develop their standard by broadening technological and managerial maintenance. Training enabled the local companies to raise their productivity and value of the commodities and even supported them to penetrate into the world markets (Gaur and Cateora 2006). d) Joint ventures/ co-operative projects. To expand its market in China, Motorola entered in 9 joint ventures with Chinese companies in order to increase its production capacity. Joint venture helped Motorola to increase admittance into the Chinese market without launching more plants. In addition to that, Motorola was able to do some savings through joint ventures (Gaur and Cateora 2006). e) Brand localization strategy. Localization of the Motorola brand made it possible to hit the targeted groups. It localized the brand culturally so as to infiltrate the customers. The products with the cultural brand usually tend to integrate to achieve customers’ emotions of rejection from the elimination of foreign commodities (Wen-Cheng et al. 2010). Operation strategy of Motorola Motorola managed to defeat the Chinese market when it created and implemented the RD strategy as their secret weapon in the Chinese market. The strategy was centered on technological advancement and innovations. Motorola carried out researches in the locale of communication software and semiconductors. The research conducted facilitated Motorola Company to create FLEX paging technology helped Motorola to come up with the highest quality of commodities which were durable and valuable. Motorola also established labs for production procedure, analysis and software equipment on the increase of new technologies that would make China a high technology manufacturing hub. Furthermore, Motorola entered into research partnership with local universities whereby it could contribute equipments and give opportunities to college students to work as intern in the company. By doing this would enable Motorola to achieve the local country’s scientific and technological contribution and to respond to the host market demands and innovate near the production places (Wen-Cheng et al. , 2010). To make their operations in the Chinese market better, Motorola instituted the Motorola University in 1993 in order to train the Chinese employees to become competent in the global managerial positions. The University had a training program called China Management Program (CAMP). The program was for the Chinese staff whereby they were trained on the job for 14 months which involved action learning, coaching and rotation of training of staff by using Motorola’s global facilities. The CAMP syllabus helped the Chinese to be trained about the market economy, value creation, business process design and benchmark. Moreover, Motorola had to interview the staff in order to get the best ones for the job. It was important for the employees to know English as they were going to face the global market of which English language is the unifying language (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Framework analysis of Motorola operations in China Furthermore, assessment of external and internal environment of any organization is essential for its strategic planning. PEST analysis provides information that is useful to equalize the company’s resources and potentials to the competitive environment in which it operates. PEST stands for political, economical, socio-cultural and technological factors. Motorola used the PEST analysis to illustrate how it managed to operate its business activities in the Chinese market. Political factor, China had a difficulty and unstable social and political environment but Motorola managed to penetrate the Chinese market and paved its way to being the leading company in the Chinese mobile handset market. Economical factor, Motorola had its reasons to enter China and dominate the Chinese market. One of the major reasons is the huge population of China which is approximately to be 1. 1 billion. This factor stimulated Motorola as they were acquainted with the market of their commodities and availability of cheap labor. Moreover, social-cultural factor administered Motorola to perform incredibly in the Chinese market as they understood the local market and the Chinese culture due to its strategies it adopted. It localized the brand of its commodities culturally so as to gain access to the customers. Finally, technological factor Motorola advanced in research and development center in China called Motorola China Research and Development Institute in Beijing where technological advancement and innovation was focused. The institute was concerned with researches in the areas of communication software and semiconductors. The presence of manufacturing procedure, analytical, and software and equipment labs for expanding innovative technology made China a high-technology production hub (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Apart from PEST analysis, Motorola made sure that it has managed to use the SWOT analysis to show its weaknesses, strengths, opportunity and threats from the internal and external environment. Strength, Motorola was the leading provider of wireless handset communication and broadband system. In addition to that it was the solitary supplier of iDEN network infrastructure. Because of all that it became known to be the strong and famous in the market. Weaknesses, Motorola could not satisfy its customers as it produced low quality of goods, insufficient employees, diseases like SARS, fierce competition and lost of its prestigious customers (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Opportunities, strong brand, promotion strategies and risk taking through product modernization made Motorola to be well positioned in the market. The hybrid products which were produced by Motorola enabled them to get a huge market and expand to other countries like Japan, Taiwan, France, Italy, United Kingdom and Hong Kong. Threats, lack of government protection against the outside competitors, competition from Japan as it produced durable products and sold cheap and sharing market with the foreign competitors. SWOT ANALYSIS DIAGRAMPEST ANALYSIS DIAGRAM WEAKNESSES (W) STREGHTS (S) FIRM FIRM Technological Socio-Cultural Economical Political OPPORTUNITIES (O) THREATS (T) India and China Global Trends China and India being part of BRIC were able to become heir to globalization. Since the year 1980, China’s economy has been growing fast globally. Its GDP was USD 305 billion which led to be seen as the leading economy in the world. In 1980-2000, India made a step forward to the growth of 6% GDP. Due to their population size, India and China were both positioned in the emerging markets whereby China with 1. 3 billion population and India with 1. 1 billion (Needle, 2010). Talking about outsourcing worldwide with BPO and ITO, India and China maintained their dominance in the multi-sourcing trend. India manage to secure a good position in MNCs as its labour force was well skilled, sociable government policies for foreign investment, steady political condition and English language expertise. All this proved that India sustained its dominance to both ITO and BPO markets. China as well boosted its forces on the global sourcing. It was seen that, India led China in the dollar value of Chinese software industry as it was twice the India’s. The Chinese government supported the local software industry and this took a huge part in enhancing the growth of Chinese industry (Oshri et al. 2009). Conclusion Apart from all the success, Motorola faced down falls in the early 2003 which led the company to be sold to the Shanghaibased Semiconductor Manufacturing Internal Corp (SMIC). The said reasons for the fall of Motorola were SARS outbreak which caused the plant to be closed for the fear of the spread of the disease. Moreover, the increase of competition in the mobile market caused Motorola. As Motorola was losing its shares in the Chinese market, the competitors were raising. Furthermore, the excessive inventory of beyond 30 million handsets caused the price battles and discounts in the market and caused Motorola to fall by 10% in 2003 (Gaur and Cateora 2006). References Pearson (2004) Motorola in China. Available at: http://www. pearsoned-asia. com/comp/chow/instructors/preview/BS-Ch33. pdf (Accessed: 18 March 2012) Needle, D (2010) An Introduction to Business and its Environment. Myilibrary [Online]. Available at: http://0-lib. myilibrary. com. brum. beds. ac. uk/SearchResults. aspx (Accessed: 10 March 2012) Ghauri, P and Cateora, P (2006) ‘International Marketing’, Motorola in China. International Business Environment [Online]. Available at: https://breo. beds. ac. uk (Accessed: 22 March 2012) PubMed (1987) ‘The population on the mainland of China totals 1. 07244 billion. Available at:http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12315472 (Accessed:22 April 2012). Emerald Strategic Direction (2002) ‘The reasons behind Motorola’s success in China’, what makes Chinese joint ventures a success,’ 19 (2) [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? issn=0258-0543volume=19issue=2articleid=869312show=html (Accessed 12 April 2012). Wen-Cheng, C. , Ying-Chang, C. Kuo, C. and Ying-Chien, C. (2010) ‘A Case Study on the Motorola China’s Localization Strategy’, [Online]. The Journal of International Management Studies, 5 (1) [Online]. Available at: http://www. jimsjournal. org/7%20Wang%20,Wen-Cheng. pdf (Accessed: 10 April 2012). Hamilton, L. and Webster, P. (2009) The International Business Environment. Oxford: oxford university press. Mack, L (2012) Chinese Culture. Available at  : http://chineseculture. about. com/od/businesseconomy/a/Chinas-Special-Economic-Zones-Sez. htm ( Accessed: 30 April 2012) How to cite Motorola in China, Essay examples

Albert Camus the Plague free essay sample

Can God possibly exist in a world full of madness and injustice? Albert Camus and Samuel Beckett address these questions in The Plague and Waiting for Godot. Though their thinking follows the ideals of existentialism, their conclusions are different. Camus did not believe in God, nor did he agree with the vast majority of the historical beliefs of the Christian religion. His stance on Christianity is summed up most simply by his remark that in its essence, Christianity (and this is its paradoxical greatness) is a doctrine of injustice. It is founded on the sacrifice of the innocent and the acceptance of this sacrifice (Bree 49). Camus felt that Jesus Christ was an innocent man who was unjustly killed. This does conflicts with all of Camus values. However, Camus did not believe that Jesus was the son of God. Camus inability to accept Christian theology is voiced in The Plague by Riex and juxtaposed against the beliefs preached by Father Paneloux (Rhein 42). We will write a custom essay sample on Albert Camus the Plague or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Panelouxs attitude toward the plague contrasts sharply with Rieuxs. In his first sermon, he preaches that the plague is divine in origin and punitive in its purpose. He attempts to put aside his desires for a rational explanation and simply accepts Gods will. In this way he is not revolting and therefore falls victim to the plague. Father Panelouxs belief that there are no innocent victims is shaken as he watches a young boy die of the plague. Camus purposefully describes a long, painful death to achieve the greatest effect on Paneloux: When the spasms had passed, utterly exhausted, tensing his thin legs and arms, on which, within forty-eight hours, the flesh had wasted to the bone, the child lay flat, in a grotesque parody of crucifixion (215). Paneloux cannot deny that the child was an innocent victim and is forced to rethink his ideas. During his second sermon, a change is seen in Father Paneloux. He now uses the pronoun we instead of you, and he has adopted a new policy in which he tells people to believe all or nothing (224). Father Paneloux, as a Christian, is faced with a decision: either he accepts that God is the ultimate ruler and brings goodness out of the evil that afflicts men, or he sides with Rieux and denies God. The conclusion formed by Camus is that because this is a world in which innocent people are tortured, there is no God. Samuel Beckett does not necessarily deny the existence of God in Waiting for Godot. If God does exist, then He contributes to the chaos by remaining silent. The French philosopher Blaise Pascal noted the arbitrariness of life and that the universe works based on percentages. He advocated using such arbitrariness to ones advantage, including believing in God. If He does not exist, nobody would care in the end, but if He does, a believer is on the safe side all along, so one cannot lose. In this play, either God does not exist, or He does not care. Whichever is the case, chance and arbitrariness determine human life in the absence of a divine power. This ties in with the two tramps chances for salvation. As one critic observes, For just as man cannot live by bread alone, he now realizes that he cannot live by mere thinking or hanging on in vain to a thread of salvation which does not seem to exist (Lumley 203). This explains Vladimir and Estragons contemplation of suicide after Godot remains absent for yet another day. One could also argue, in the absurd sense, that each man has a fifty-fifty chance of salvation. One of the two prisoners who were crucified with Jesus was given salvation. This element of chance for salvation can also be extended to Pozzo and Lucky in Waiting for Godot. When they come across the two tramps, Pozzo is on his way to sell Lucky because he claims that Lucky has grown old and only hinders him. In this way Pozzo is trying to draw that fifty-fifty chance of salvation for himself. One of the ways in which Lucky hinders him is that Lucky could be the one to be redeemed, leaving Pozzo to be damned. Even Luckys speech is concerned with salvation: Given the existence of a personal God outside time without who from the heights of divine apathia divide athambia divide apaia loves us dearly with some exceptions for reasons unknown and suffers with those who for reasons unknown are plunged in torment. (28) After removing all of Luckys nonsensical meanderings, the gist of his speech is that God does not communicate with humans and condemns them for unknown reasons. His silence causes the real hopelessness, and this is what makes Waiting for Godot a tragedy